Umubare wa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri (BESS) kuri porogaramu zihamye, harimo igipimo cy’ingirakamaro hamwe n’ibisabwa byatanzwe, byatangiye kwiyongera ku buryo bugaragara, nk'uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na apricum, ikigo ngishwanama cy’ikoranabuhanga gifite isuku kibitangaza.Nk’uko imibare iheruka kubigaragaza, biteganijwe ko ibicuruzwa bizava kuri miliyari imwe y'amadolari muri 2018 bikagera kuri miliyari 20 na miliyari 25 mu 2024.
Apricum yerekanye ibinyabiziga bitatu byingenzi kugirango imikurire ya Bess: icya mbere, iterambere ryiza mubiciro bya batiri.Iya kabiri ni uburyo bunoze bwo kugenzura, byombi bitezimbere guhangana na bateri.Icya gatatu, Bess ni isoko rya serivisi ryiyongera.
1. Igiciro cya Batiri
Ikintu cyingenzi gisabwa kugirango mugukoreshe kwinshi kwa Bess ni ukugabanya ibiciro bijyanye mugihe cyubuzima bwa bateri.Ibi bigerwaho ahanini mukugabanya amafaranga yakoreshejwe, kunoza imikorere cyangwa kunoza imiterere yinkunga.

2. amafaranga yakoreshejwe
Mu myaka yashize, igabanuka ryinshi ryikoranabuhanga rya Bess ni bateri ya lithium-ion, yavuye kuri US $ 500-600 / kwh muri 2012 igera kuri $ 300-500 / kWt muri iki gihe.Ibi biterwa ahanini numwanya wiganjemo ikoranabuhanga mubikorwa bigendanwa nkinganda "3C" (mudasobwa, itumanaho, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi) n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, hamwe nubukungu bwavuye mubipimo mubikorwa.Ni muri urwo rwego, Tesla irateganya kurushaho kugabanya igiciro cya batiri ya lithium-ion binyuze mu musaruro w’uruganda rwa 35 GWH / kW “uruganda rwa Giga” muri Nevada.Alevo, umunyamerika ukora ingufu za batiri zibika ingufu, yatangaje gahunda nk'iyi yo guhindura uruganda rw'itabi rwatawe rukaba uruganda rwa batiri ya gigawatt 16。
Muri iki gihe, tekinoroji yo kubika ingufu nyinshi itangira yiyemeje gukoresha ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha amafaranga make.Bamenye ko bizagorana kuzuza ubushobozi bwa bateri ya lithium-ion, kandi ibigo nka EOS, aquion cyangwa ambri birategura bateri kugirango byuzuze ibiciro bimwe na bimwe uhereye mbere.Ibi birashobora kugerwaho hifashishijwe umubare munini wibikoresho fatizo bihendutse hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryikora cyane kuri electrode, proton yo guhanahana proton na electrolytite, no gutanga umusaruro wabo kubashoramari bakora inganda ku isi nka Foxconn.Kubera iyo mpamvu, EOS yavuze ko igiciro cya sisitemu ya megawatt ari $ 160 / kWt gusa.
Byongeye kandi, amasoko mashya arashobora gufasha kugabanya igiciro cyishoramari cya Bess.Kurugero, Bosch, BMW hamwe na societe yingirakamaro ya Suwede Vattenfall barimo gushiraho sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za 2MW / 2mwh zishingiye kuri bateri ya lithium-ion ikoreshwa mumodoka ya BMW I3 na ActiveE.
3. imikorere
Imikorere ya bateri irashobora kunozwa hifashishijwe imbaraga zabakora nababikora kugirango bagabanye igiciro cya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri (BESS).Ubuzima bwa bateri (ubuzima bwinzira nubuzima bwa cycle) biragaragara ko bugira uruhare runini mubukungu bwa bateri.Kurwego rwo gukora, mugushyiramo inyongeramusaruro yimiti ikora kandi igateza imbere umusaruro kugirango igere kumiterere ya bateri imwe kandi ihamye, ubuzima bwakazi burashobora kongerwa.
Ikigaragara ni uko bateri igomba guhora ikora neza muburyo bwateganijwe bwo gukora, kurugero, iyo bigeze mubwimbitse bwo gusohora (DoD).Ubuzima bwinzira burashobora kwaguka cyane mugabanya uburebure bushoboka bwo gusohora (DoD) mubisabwa cyangwa ukoresheje sisitemu ifite ubushobozi burenze ubwo busabwa.Ubumenyi burambuye bwimikorere myiza yabonetse binyuze mugupimisha laboratoire, kimwe no kugira sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS) nibyiza byingenzi.Gutakaza urugendo rwo kuzenguruka biterwa ahanini na hystereze yihariye muri chimie selile.Igiciro gikwiye cyangwa igipimo cyo gusohora hamwe nubujyakuzimu bwiza (DoD) bifasha kugumya gukora neza.
Byongeye kandi, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikoreshwa nibice bigize sisitemu ya bateri (gukonjesha, gushyushya cyangwa gucunga sisitemu ya batiri) bigira ingaruka kumikorere kandi bigomba kubikwa byibuze.Kurugero, wongeyeho ibikoresho bya mashini kuri bateri ya aside-aside kugirango wirinde dendrite, kwangirika kwubushobozi bwa bateri mugihe gishobora kugabanuka.

4. Amafaranga yo gutera inkunga
Ubucuruzi bwamabanki yimishinga ya Bess bukunze kwibasirwa nibikorwa bike kandi kubura uburambe bwibigo bitera inkunga mubikorwa, kubungabunga no kwerekana imishinga yo kubika ingufu za batiri.

Abatanga ibicuruzwa hamwe nabateza imbere sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri (BESS) bagomba kugerageza kunoza imiterere yishoramari, kurugero, binyuze mubikorwa bya garanti bisanzwe cyangwa binyuze mubikorwa byo gupima bateri yuzuye.

Muri rusange, hamwe n’igabanuka ry’imikoreshereze y’imari n’umubare wa bateri wiyongereye hejuru, icyizere cy’abashoramari kiziyongera kandi amafaranga yo gutera inkunga azagabanuka.

5. Urwego rwo kugenzura
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za bateri zoherejwe na wemag / younicos
Kimwe na tekinolojiya mishya yose yinjira mumasoko akuze, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri (BESS) yishingikiriza kumurongo runaka muburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura.Nibura ibyo bivuze ko nta mbogamizi zibangamira uruhare rwisoko rya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri (BESS).Byaba byiza, inzego za leta zizabona agaciro ka sisitemu yo kubika neza kandi igashishikarizwa gusaba according
Urugero rwo gukuraho ingaruka zimbogamizi zasabwe ni komisiyo ishinzwe kugenzura ingufu za leta (FERC) Iteka 755, risaba isos3 na rtos4 gutanga byihuse, byukuri kandi byuzuye byishyurwa kumikoreshereze ya mw-miliee55.Mu gihe PJM, umukoresha wigenga, yahinduye isoko ry’amashanyarazi menshi mu Kwakira 2012, igipimo cyo kubika ingufu cyariyongereye.Kubera iyo mpamvu, bibiri bya gatatu bya 62 MW ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu byoherejwe muri Amerika muri 2014 ni ibicuruzwa bibika ingufu za PJM.Mu Budage, abakoresha amazu bagura ingufu zizuba hamwe nuburyo bwo kubika ingufu barashobora kubona inguzanyo zinyungu za KfW, banki yiterambere ifitwe na leta yubudage, kandi bakagabanyirizwa 30% kubiciro byubuguzi.Kugeza ubu, ibi byatumye hashyirwaho sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zigera ku 12000, ariko twakagombye kumenya ko izindi 13000 zubatswe hanze ya gahunda.Muri 2013, ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ibikorwa bya Californiya (CPUC) cyasabye ko urwego rw’ingirakamaro rugomba kugura 1.325gw y’ingufu zo kubika ingufu bitarenze 2020. Gahunda yo gutanga amasoko igamije kwerekana uburyo bateri zishobora kuvugurura urusobe no gufasha guhuza ingufu z’izuba n’umuyaga.

Ingero zavuzwe haruguru nibintu byingenzi byakuruye impungenge mubijyanye no kubika ingufu.Nyamara, impinduka nto kandi akenshi zitamenyekanye mumategeko zishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye mukarere ka sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri (BESS).Ingero zishobora kuba zirimo:

Mugabanye gusa ubushobozi buke bwibisabwa mumasoko akomeye yo kubika ingufu z’Ubudage, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zo guturamo izemererwa kwitabira nk’amashanyarazi asanzwe, bikomeza gushimangira ikibazo cy’ubucuruzi cya Bess.
Ikintu cy’ibanze muri gahunda ya gatatu y’ivugurura ry’ingufu z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ryatangiye gukurikizwa mu 2009, ni ugutandukanya ingufu z’amashanyarazi n’ubucuruzi bwo kugurisha n’umuyoboro wacyo.Muri uru rubanza, kubera kutamenya neza amategeko, imiterere aho sisitemu yohereza (TSO) izemererwa gukora sisitemu yo kubika ingufu ntabwo isobanutse neza.Kunoza amategeko bizashyiraho urufatiro rwo gukoresha mu buryo bwagutse uburyo bwo kubika ingufu za batiri (BESS) mu gushyigikira amashanyarazi.
AEG igisubizo cyamashanyarazi kumasoko ya serivisi akemurwa
Inzira yihariye yisoko ryamashanyarazi kwisi yose itera serivisi ziyongera.Ihame, serivisi ya Bess irashobora kwakirwa.Inzira zijyanye ni izi zikurikira:
Bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu no kongera ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu gihe cy’ibiza, icyifuzo cyo guhinduka muri sisitemu y’amashanyarazi kiriyongera.Hano, imishinga yo kubika ingufu irashobora gutanga serivisi zifasha nka frequency na voltage igenzura, kugabanya imiyoboro ya gride, kugabanya ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu no gutangira umukara.

Kwagura no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa remezo no gukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza ibikorwa remezo bitewe no gusaza cyangwa ubushobozi budahagije, ndetse no kongera amashanyarazi mu cyaro.Muri iki gihe, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri (BESS) irashobora gukoreshwa nkuburyo bwo gutinza cyangwa kwirinda ishoramari ryibikorwa remezo kugirango uhagarike amashanyarazi yihariye cyangwa kunoza imikorere ya moteri ya mazutu muri sisitemu ya gride.
Abakoresha inganda, ubucuruzi n’imiturire barangiza guhangana n’amashanyarazi menshi, cyane cyane kubera ihinduka ry’ibiciro ndetse n’ibiciro bisabwa.Kuri (ibishoboka) gutura amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, kugabanuka kw'igiciro cya gride bizagira ingaruka kubukungu.Byongeye kandi, amashanyarazi akenshi ntabwo yizewe kandi afite ubuziranenge.Batteri ihagaze irashobora gufasha kongera ibyo ukoresha, gukora "gukata impinga" no "guhinduranya impinga" mugihe utanga amashanyarazi adahagarara (UPS).
Biragaragara, kugirango uhuze iki cyifuzo, hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kubika ingufu zidasanzwe.Niba bateri zigize amahitamo meza zigomba gusuzumwa murubanza kandi birashobora gutandukana cyane mukarere.Kurugero, nubwo hariho ibibazo byubucuruzi byiza muri Ositaraliya na Texas, izi manza zigomba gutsinda ikibazo cyo kohereza intera ndende.Uburebure bwa kabili yuburebure buringaniye buringaniye mubudage ntiburi munsi ya 10 km, ibyo bigatuma amashanyarazi gakondo yaguka igiciro gito muburyo bwinshi.
Muri rusange, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri (BESS) ntabwo ihagije.Niyo mpamvu, serivisi zigomba kwinjizwa muri "inyungu superposition" kugirango igabanye ibiciro kandi yishyure binyuze muburyo butandukanye.Duhereye kuri porogaramu hamwe nisoko ryinshi ryinjiza, dukwiye kubanza gukoresha ubushobozi bwigiciro kugirango dufate amahirwe kurubuga kandi twirinde inzitizi zogutanga amashanyarazi nka UPS.Kubushobozi ubwo aribwo bwose busigaye, serivisi zitangwa kuri gride (nko kugenzura inshuro) nazo zirashobora gusuzumwa.Ntagushidikanya ko serivisi zinyongera zidashobora kubangamira iterambere rya serivisi nkuru.

Ingaruka kubitabiriye isoko yo kubika ingufu.
Gutezimbere muri aba bashoferi bizaganisha ku mahirwe mashya yubucuruzi no kuzamuka kw isoko.Ariko, iterambere ribi naryo rizaganisha ku gutsindwa cyangwa no gutakaza uburyo bushoboka bwubukungu bwubucuruzi bwubucuruzi.Kurugero, kubera ibura ritunguranye ryibikoresho bimwe na bimwe, ibiciro byateganijwe kugabanuka ntibishobora kugerwaho, cyangwa ubucuruzi bwikoranabuhanga rishya ntibishobora gukorwa nkuko byari byitezwe.Guhindura amabwiriza birashobora gushiraho urwego Bess adashobora kwitabira.Byongeye kandi, iterambere ryinganda zegeranye rishobora guteza irushanwa ryiyongera kuri Bess, nko kugenzura inshuro nyinshi ingufu zishobora gukoreshwa zikoreshwa: mumasoko amwe n'amwe (urugero nka Irlande), ibipimo bya gride bimaze gusaba imirima yumuyaga nkibigega nyamukuru byamashanyarazi.

Niyo mpamvu, ibigo bigomba kwitondera cyane, guhanura no kugira ingaruka nziza kubiciro bya batiri, uburyo bwo kugenzura no kugira uruhare rugaragara ku isoko ryisi yose yo kubika ingufu za batiri zihamye.