Mu gitondo cyo ku ya 21 Mata 2014, musk yaparitse i Beijing Qiaofu Fangcao n'indege yigenga maze ajya muri Minisiteri y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa kugira ngo ahagarare bwa mbere kugira ngo amenye ejo hazaza h’uko Tesla yinjira mu Bushinwa.Minisiteri y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga yamye ishishikariza Tesla, ariko noneho musk yafunze umuryango maze abona igisubizo gikurikira: Ubushinwa butekereza kuvugurura imisoro y’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.Mbere yivugurura rirangiye, moderi s izakomeza kwishyura 25% yimisoro nkibinyabiziga gakondo.

Musk rero arateganya "gusakuza" abinyujije mu nama ya geek Park.Mu cyumba kinini cy’ibitaramo bya Zhongshan, Yang Yuanqing, Zhou Hongyi, Zhang Yiming n’abandi bicaye kuri stage.Kandi musk yategereje inyuma ya stage, asohora terefone ye igendanwa arandika kuri tweet.Umuziki umaze kumvikana, yerekeje kuri stage, yishimye kandi akoma amashyi.Ariko agarutse muri Amerika, yanditse kuri Twitter arinubira ati: “mu Bushinwa, tumeze nk'umwana ukurura.”

Kuva icyo gihe, Tesla yari mu kaga ko guhomba inshuro nyinshi kubera ko muri rusange isoko ryifashe nabi kandi ikibazo cya dystocia kikaba cyarateje imyaka igice cyo gukusanya abakiriya.Kubera iyo mpamvu, musk yaguye ndetse anywa marijuwana ibaho, aryama mu ruganda rwa Californiya buri munsi kugirango akurikirane iterambere.Inzira nziza yo gukemura ikibazo cyubushobozi nukubaka inganda zidasanzwe mubushinwa.Kugira ngo abigereho, musk yarize mu ijambo rye muri Hong Kong: ku bakiriya b'Abashinwa, ndetse yize no gukoresha wechat.

Igihe kiraguruka.Ku ya 7 Mutarama 2020, musk yongeye kuza muri Shanghai maze atanga icyiciro cya mbere cy’icyitegererezo cy’imbere mu gihugu abafite imodoka z’abashinwa mu ruganda rwa Tesla Shanghai Super.Amagambo ye ya mbere yari: Urakoze guverinoma y'Ubushinwa.Yarafite kandi imbyino yinyuma yinyuma aho hantu.Kuva icyo gihe, hamwe n’igabanuka rikabije ry’ibiciro by’imbere mu gihugu, abantu benshi bari mu nganda ndetse no hanze yacyo bavuze mu bwoba: iherezo ry’imodoka nshya z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa riregereje.

Ariko, mu mwaka ushize, Tesla yahuye n’ibintu byinshi byazamutse, birimo gutwikwa kwa batiri, moteri idashobora kugenzurwa, skylight iguruka, n'ibindi. Kandi imyifatire ya Tesla yabaye "gushyira mu gaciro" cyangwa kwiyemera.Vuba aha, kubera ingufu z’imodoka nshya, Tesla yanenzwe n’itangazamakuru ryo hagati.Ugereranije, ikibazo cyo kugabanya bateri ya Tesla kirasanzwe cyane, abafite imodoka kuri enterineti kugirango bamagane ijwi naryo rimwe.

Urebye ibi, inzego za leta zafashe ingamba kumugaragaro.Vuba aha, Ubuyobozi bukuru bugenzura amasoko nandi mashami atanu yabajije Tesla, yibanda cyane cyane kubibazo nko kwihuta kudasanzwe, umuriro wa batiri, kuzamura ibinyabiziga bya kure, nibindi nkuko twese tubizi, bateri za lithium fer zo mu rugo zikoreshwa cyane muburyo bwa 3 murugo .

Batiri ya lithium ifite akamaro kangana iki?Dushubije amaso inyuma tukareba inzira yiterambere ryinganda, Ubushinwa bwaba bwumva neza ikoranabuhanga ryibanze?Nigute dushobora kugera ku ntsinzi?

1 / Igikoresho cyingenzi cyibihe

Mu kinyejana cya 20, abantu baremye ubutunzi burenze ubw'imyaka 2000 ishize.Muri byo, siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga bishobora gufatwa nk'imbaraga zikomeye mu guteza imbere umuco w'isi n'iterambere ry'ubukungu.Mu myaka ijana ishize, ibihangano bya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga byakozwe n'abantu ni byiza cyane nk'inyenyeri, kandi bibiri muri byo bizwi ko bifite uruhare runini mu mateka.Iya mbere ni tristoriste, iyo hatabaho mudasobwa zaba;icya kabiri ni bateri ya lithium-ion, udafite isi yaba idashoboka。

Muri iki gihe, bateri za lithium zagiye zikoreshwa muri miliyari za terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa n'ibindi bicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki buri mwaka, ndetse na miliyoni z’imodoka nshya z’ingufu, ndetse n’ibikoresho byose bigendanwa ku isi bikenera kwishyurwa.Byongeye kandi, hamwe n’impinduramatwara nshya y’imodoka n’ingufu no gukora ibikoresho byinshi bigendanwa, inganda za batiri ya lithium zizagira ejo hazaza heza.Kurugero, umusaruro wumwaka wa selile ya batiri ya lithium yonyine wageze kuri miliyari 200 Yuan, kandi ejo hazaza ni hafi.

Gahunda na gahunda byo kurandura ibinyabiziga bya lisansi byateguwe n’ibihugu bitandukanye ku isi nabyo bizaba “bikonje kuri keke”.Iya mbere ni Noruveje mu 2025, na Amerika, Ubuyapani ndetse n'ibihugu byinshi by'i Burayi ahagana mu 2035. Ubushinwa ntibufite gahunda isobanutse neza.Niba nta tekinoroji nshya iri imbere, inganda za batiri ya lithium izakomeza gutera imbere mumyaka mirongo.Birashobora kuvugwa ko umuntu wese ufite tekinoroji yibanze ya batiri ya lithium bivuze kugira inkoni yo kuganza inganda.

Ibihugu by’iburayi by’iburengerazuba byashyizeho ingengabihe yo gukuraho ibinyabiziga bya lisansi

Mu myaka yashize, Uburayi na Amerika, Ubushinwa, Ubuyapani na Koreya y'Epfo byatangije amarushanwa akaze ndetse ndetse no guterana amagambo mu bijyanye na bateri ya lithium, irimo abahanga benshi bazwi cyane, kaminuza nyinshi n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi, ndetse n’ibihangange hamwe n’umurwa mukuru muri ibikomoka kuri peteroli, imiti, ibinyabiziga, ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga.Ninde wigeze atekereza ko inzira yiterambere yinganda za batiri ya lithium kwisi yose nkiyo ya semiconductor: yatangiriye muburayi no muri Amerika, ikomeye kurusha Ubuyapani na Koreya yepfo, amaherezo yaje kwiganza mubushinwa.

Mu myaka ya za 1970 na 1980, tekinoroji ya batiri ya lithium yabayeho mu Burayi no muri Amerika.Nyuma, Abanyamerika bakurikiranye guhimba lithium cobalt oxyde, lithium manganese oxyde na batiri ya lithium fer fosifate, ifata iyambere mu nganda.Mu 1991, Ubuyapani nabwo bwa mbere mu gukora inganda za batiri za lithium-ion, ariko nyuma isoko rikomeza kugabanuka.Ku rundi ruhande, Koreya y'Epfo, yishingikiriza kuri Leta kugira ngo itere imbere.Muri icyo gihe, ku nkunga ikomeye ya guverinoma, Ubushinwa bwagize inganda za batiri ya lithium bwa mbere ku isi intambwe ku yindi.

Mu ihindagurika ry’inganda za batiri ya lithium, Uburayi, Amerika n'Ubuyapani byagize uruhare runini mu kuzamura ikoranabuhanga.Muri 2019, igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel muri chimie cyahawe abahanga b'Abanyamerika John goodinaf, Stanley whitingham na siyanse w’Ubuyapani Yoshino mu rwego rwo gushimira uruhare bagize mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere bateri ya lithium-ion.Ko abahanga bo muri Amerika n'Ubuyapani batsindiye igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel, Ubushinwa bushobora rwose gufata iyambere mubuhanga bwibanze bwa bateri ya lithium?

2 / Agace ka batiri ya lithium 

Iterambere rya tekinoroji ya batiri ya lithium yisi yose ifite inzira ndende yo gukurikiza.Mu ntangiriro ya za 70, mu rwego rwo gukemura ikibazo cya peteroli, Exxon yashinze laboratoire y’ubushakashatsi muri New Jersey, ikurura abantu benshi bafite impano zo hejuru muri fiziki na chimie, barimo Stanley whitingham, umunyeshuri w’iposita mu ishami ry’amashanyarazi rikomeye muri kaminuza ya Stanford.Intego yacyo nukubaka igisubizo gishya cyingufu, ni ukuvuga guteza imbere igisekuru gishya cya bateri zishishwa.

Muri icyo gihe, Bell Labs yashyizeho itsinda ry’abahanga mu bya shimi na fiziki bo muri kaminuza ya Stanford.Impande zombi zatangije amarushanwa akaze cyane mubushakashatsi no guteza imbere bateri izakurikiraho.Nubwo ubushakashatsi bufitanye isano, "amafaranga ntabwo ari ikibazo."Nyuma yimyaka hafi itanu yubushakashatsi bwibanga cyane, whitingham nitsinda rye babanje gukora bateri ya mbere ya lithium-ion yishyurwa kwisi.

Iyi batiri ya lithium ikoresha mu buryo bwa gihanga ikoresha titanium sulfide nkibikoresho bya cathode na lithium nkibikoresho bya anode.Ifite ibyiza byuburemere bworoshye, ubushobozi bunini kandi nta ngaruka zo kwibuka.Muri icyo gihe, ikuraho ibitagenda neza muri bateri yabanjirije iyi, ishobora kuvugwa ko ari ugusimbuka kwujuje ubuziranenge.Mu 1976, Exxon yasabye ipatanti ya mbere yo guhanga batiri ya lithium ku isi, ariko ntiyungukira mu nganda.Ariko, ibi ntabwo bihindura izina rya whitingham nka "se wa lithium" ndetse numwanya afite kwisi.

Nubwo igihangano cya whitingham cyashishikarije inganda, gutwika bateri no gutwika imbere byateje ikibazo cyane ikipe, harimo na gudinaf.Kubwibyo, we nabafasha babiri ba postdoctoral bakomeje gushakisha imbonerahamwe yigihe.Mu 1980, amaherezo bahisemo ko ibikoresho byiza ari cobalt.Litiyumu ya cobalt oxyde, ishobora gukoreshwa nka cathode ya bateri ya lithium-ion, iruta kure cyane ibindi bikoresho icyo gihe kandi yahise ifata isoko.

Kuva icyo gihe, tekinoroji ya batiri yabantu yateye intambwe igaragara imbere.Byagenda bite udafite lithium cobaltite?Muri make, kuki "terefone nini" yari nini kandi iremereye?Ni ukubera ko nta batiri ya lithium cobalt.Nubwo, nubwo batiri ya lithium cobalt oxyde ifite ibyiza byinshi, ibibi byayo bigaragazwa nyuma yo gukoreshwa kwinshi, harimo igiciro kinini, kutarenza urugero rwinshi no gukora cycle, hamwe n’umwanda ukabije.

Goodinav rero numunyeshuri we Mike Thackeray bakomeje gushakisha ibikoresho byiza.Mu 1982, Thackeray yahimbye bateri ya lithium manganate.Ariko bidatinze, yasimbukiye muri Laboratwari ya Argonne (ANL) yiga bateri ya lithium.Kandi goodinaf nitsinda rye bakomeje gushakisha ubundi buryo, bagabanya urutonde mukomatanya ibyuma na fosifore mukongera guhinduranya gahunda mumeza yibihe.

Mu kurangiza, ibyuma na fosifore ntabwo byagize itsinda ryashakaga, ariko bagize urundi rwego: nyuma ya licoo3 na LiMn2O4, ibikoresho bya gatatu bya cathode ya bateri ya lithium-ion byavutse kumugaragaro: LiFePO4.Kubwibyo, ibintu bitatu byingenzi bya litiro-ion ya batiri nziza ya electrode yose yavukiye muri laboratoire ya dinaf kuva kera.Yabaye kandi uruzitiro rwa bateri ya lithium ku isi, havutse abahanga mu bya shimi ba Nobel bavuzwe haruguru.

Mu 1996, kaminuza ya Texas yasabye ipatanti mu izina rya laboratoire ya goodinaf.Nibintu byambere byibanze bya batiri ya LiFePO4.Kuva icyo gihe, Michelle Armand, umuhanga mu bya lithium w’Abafaransa, yinjiye muri iryo tsinda maze asaba hamwe na dinaf ku ipatanti y’ikoranabuhanga rya LiFePO4, ibaye ipatanti ya kabiri y’ibanze ya LiFePO4.Izi patenti zombi nizo patenti zingenzi zidashobora kurengerwa uko byagenda kose.

3 / Ihererekanyabubasha

Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji, harikibazo cyihutirwa gikemurwa muri electrode mbi ya batiri ya lithium cobalt oxyde, ntabwo rero yakozwe mubikorwa byihuse.Muri kiriya gihe, icyuma cya lithium cyakoreshwaga nkibikoresho bya anode ya bateri ya lithium.Nubwo ishobora gutanga ingufu nyinshi cyane, habaye ibibazo byinshi, harimo ifu gahoro gahoro yibikoresho bya anode no gutakaza ibikorwa, kandi imikurire ya dendrite ya lithium ishobora gutobora diafragma, bikaviramo umuzunguruko mugufi cyangwa no gutwikwa no guturika kwa bateri.

Igihe ikibazo cyari kigoye cyane, abayapani baragaragara.Sony imaze igihe kinini ikora bateri ya lithium, kandi yitaye cyane ku iterambere ryisi.Ariko, nta makuru yerekana igihe n'aho tekinoroji ya lithium cobaltite yabonetse.Mu 1991, Sony yasohoye bateri ya mbere yubucuruzi ya lithium-ion mu mateka y’umuntu, maze ishyira bateri nyinshi za lithium cobalt oxyde silindrike muri kamera ya ccd-tr1 iheruka.Kuva icyo gihe, isura ya elegitoroniki y’abaguzi ku isi yongeye kwandikwa.

Yoshino ni we wafashe iki cyemezo gikomeye.Yatangiye gukoresha karubone (grafite) mu mwanya wa lithium nka anode ya batiri ya lithium, maze ahuza na lithium cobalt oxide cathode.Ibi bizamura cyane ubushobozi nubuzima bwa cycle ya batiri ya lithium, kandi bigabanya ikiguzi, nimbaraga zanyuma zo gutunganya inganda za batiri ya lithium.Kuva icyo gihe, inganda z’Abashinwa n’Abanyakoreya zasutse mu nganda z’inganda za batiri ya lithium, kandi muri iki gihe hashyizweho ikoranabuhanga rishya ry’ingufu (ATL).

Kubera ubujura bw’ikoranabuhanga, “ihuriro ry’uburenganzira” ryatangijwe na kaminuza ya Texas ndetse n’ibigo bimwe na bimwe byakoresheje inkota ku isi hose, bituma habaho amakimbirane y’ipatanti arimo ibihugu byinshi n’amasosiyete.Mu gihe abantu bagitekereza ko LiFePO4 ari bateri yingufu zikwiranye cyane, sisitemu nshya ya cathode ihuza ibyiza bya lithium niobate, lithium cobalt na lithium manganese yavukiye bucece muri laboratoire muri Kanada.

Muri Mata 2001, Jeff Dann, Porofeseri w’ubugenge muri kaminuza ya dalhous akaba n’umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’itsinda rya 3M muri Kanada, yahimbye ibikoresho binini by’ubucuruzi bya nikel cobalt manganese ternary composite cathode, byateje imbere bateri ya lithium kugirango icike mu ntambwe yanyuma yo kwinjira ku isoko .Ku ya 27 Mata uwo mwaka, 3M yasabye Amerika gusaba ipatanti, akaba ariryo shingiro shingiro ryibikoresho bya ternary.Ibi bivuze ko mugihe cyose muri sisitemu ya ternary, ntamuntu numwe ushobora kuzenguruka.

Hafi icyarimwe, Laboratoire yigihugu ya Argonne (ANL) yabanje gutanga igitekerezo cya lithiyumu ikungahaye, kandi hashingiwe kuri ibyo, yahimbye litiyumu yuzuye kandi ikungahaye cyane kuri manganese, kandi isaba ipatanti mu 2004. N'umuntu ubishinzwe. iri terambere ryikoranabuhanga ni thackerel, wahimbye lithium manganate.Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2012, Tesla yatangiye guca intege umuvuduko wo kuzamuka buhoro buhoro.Musk yatanze inshuro nyinshi z'umushahara munini kugirango ashake abantu bo muri bateri ya 3M ya Lithium ishami R & D.

Akoresheje aya mahirwe, 3M yasunitse ubwato kurubu, ifata ingamba z "abantu baragenda, ariko uburenganzira bwipatanti buracyahari", isenya burundu ishami rya batiri, kandi ryunguka byinshi mukwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze nubufatanye bwa tekiniki.Ipente zahawe inganda zitari nke za litiro ya Yapani na Koreya nka Elektron, Panasonic, Hitachi, Samsung, LG, L & F na SK, hamwe nibikoresho bya cathode nka Shanshan, Hunan Ruixiang na Beida Xianxian mu Bushinwa Hariho imishinga irenga icumi yose hamwe.

Patent ya Anl ihabwa ibigo bitatu gusa: BASF, igihangange cy’imiti mu Budage, inganda za Toyoda, uruganda rukora ibikoresho bya cathode y’Abayapani, na LG, isosiyete yo muri Koreya yepfo.Nyuma, hafi yipiganwa ryibanze ryibikoresho bya ternary, hashyizweho amashyirahamwe abiri akomeye yubushakashatsi muri kaminuza yinganda.Ibi byahinduye imbaraga za tekinoloji "ivuka" yinganda za batiri ya lithium muburengerazuba, Ubuyapani na Koreya yepfo, mugihe Ubushinwa butabonye byinshi.

4 / Kuzamuka kw'Imishinga y'Abashinwa

Ko Ubushinwa butaramenya neza ikoranabuhanga shingiro, ni gute byacitse ibintu?Ubushakashatsi bwa batiri ya lithium yo mu Bushinwa ntabwo bwatinze, hafi guhuza isi.Mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 70, bisabwe na Chen Liquan, umwarimu mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubushakashatsi mu Bushinwa mu Budage, Ikigo cya fiziki cya siyansi y’ubushinwa yashinze laboratoire ya mbere ikomeye ya ion mu Bushinwa, maze itangira ubushakashatsi kuri lithium- imiyoboro ya ion na bateri ya lithium.Mu 1995, bateri ya mbere ya Lithium y'Ubushinwa yavukiye mu Ishuri Rikuru rya fiziki, Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubushinwa.

Muri icyo gihe, bitewe n’izamuka ry’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki by’abaguzi mu myaka ya za 90, bateri ya lithium y’Ubushinwa yazamutse icyarimwe, kandi havuka “ibihangange bine”, aribyo Lishen, BYD, bick na ATL.Nubwo Ubuyapani bwayoboye iterambere ry’inganda, kubera ikibazo cyo kubaho, Sanyo Electric yagurishije Panasonic, naho Sony igurisha ubucuruzi bwa batiri ya lithium ku musaruro wa Murata.Mu marushanwa akaze ku isoko, BYD na ATL gusa ni "bane bane" mu Bushinwa.

Mu mwaka wa 2011, inkunga ya guverinoma y'Ubushinwa “urutonde rwera” yahagaritse imishinga iterwa inkunga n'amahanga.Nyuma yo kugurwa n’umurwa mukuru w’Ubuyapani, indangamuntu ya ATL yataye igihe.Zeng Yuqun rero washinze ATL, yateganyaga gukora ubucuruzi bwa batiri y’amashanyarazi bwigenga, reka umurwa mukuru w’Ubushinwa ubigiremo uruhare, kandi ugabanye imigabane y’isosiyete nkuru ya TDK, ariko ntiyabimwemerera.Zeng Yuqun rero yashinze ibihe bya Ningde (catl), maze atera imbere muburyo bwo gukusanya ikoranabuhanga ryambere, ahinduka ifarashi yirabura.

Kubijyanye n'inzira y'ikoranabuhanga, BYD ihitamo bateri ya lithium fer fosifate itekanye kandi ihendutse, itandukanye na batiri ya lithium ternary ingufu nyinshi mugihe cya Ningde.Ibi bifitanye isano nubucuruzi bwa BYD.Wang Chuanfu, washinze iyi sosiyete, ashyigikira “kurya inkoni kugeza imperuka”.Usibye ibirahuri n'amapine, hafi y'ibindi bice byose by'imodoka bikozwe kandi bigurishwa byonyine, hanyuma bigahiganwa nisi yo hanze hamwe ninyungu yibiciro.Hashingiwe kuri ibi, BYD imaze igihe kinini ku mwanya wa kabiri ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu.

Ariko inyungu ya BYD nayo nintege nke zayo: ikora bateri ikanagurisha imodoka, bigatuma abandi bakora amamodoka mubisanzwe batizerana kandi bahitamo guha amabwiriza abanywanyi aho kuba bo ubwabo.Kurugero, Tesla, nubwo tekinoroji ya batiri ya LiDePO4 ya BYD yakusanyije byinshi, iracyahitamo ikoranabuhanga rimwe ryibihe bya Ningde.Kugirango uhindure ibintu, BYD irateganya gutandukanya bateri yumuriro no gutangiza "bateri ya blade".

Kuva ivugurura no gufungura, bateri ya lithium nimwe mubice bike bishobora gufata nibihugu byateye imbere.Impamvu nizi zikurikira: icya mbere, leta iha agaciro gakomeye kurinda ingamba;kabiri, ntabwo bitinze gutangira;icya gatatu, isoko ryimbere mu gihugu ni rinini bihagije;kane, itsinda ryifuza abahanga mubuhanga naba rwiyemezamirimo bakorera hamwe kugirango bacike.Ariko niba twegereye, nkizina ryigihe cya Ningde, nibikorwa byubushinwa byagezeho mubukungu ndetse nibihe byimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi bigize ibihe bya Ningde.

Muri iki gihe, Ubushinwa ntibusubira inyuma mu bihugu byateye imbere mu bushakashatsi bw’ibikoresho bya anode na electrolytite, ariko haracyari ibitagenda neza, nka bateri ya lithium itandukanya, ubwinshi bw’ingufu n’ibindi.Ikigaragara ni uko kwirundanya kwikoranabuhanga ryiburengerazuba, Ubuyapani na Koreya yepfo biracyafite ibyiza bimwe.Kurugero, nubwo ibihe bya Ningde byashyizwe kumwanya wambere kumasoko ya batiri kwisi mumyaka itari mike, raporo yubushakashatsi bwinganda zo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga ziracyashyira ahagaragara Panasonic na LG kumwanya wambere, mugihe ibihe bya Ningde na BYD biri kumwanya wa kabiri.

5 / Umwanzuro
 

Nta gushidikanya, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ubushakashatsi bujyanye n’ejo hazaza, iterambere n’ikoreshwa rya batiri ya lithium ku isi bizatangiza icyerekezo cyagutse, kizateza imbere ivugurura ry’ingufu n’udushya tw’umuryango w’abantu, kandi bitere imbaraga nshya mu iterambere rirambye. y'ubukungu na sosiyete no gushimangira kurengera ibidukikije.Nka sosiyete ikora amamodoka akomeye mu nganda, Tesla ni nk'amafi.Mugihe ishishikarizwa guteza imbere ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, ifata kandi iyambere mukurwanya isoko rya batiri ya lithium.

Zeng Yuqun yigeze gutangaza inkuru y'imbere y'ubufatanye bwe na Tesla: musk yagiye avuga ibiciro umunsi wose.Ikigaragara ni uko Tesla iri kugabanya igiciro cya bateri.Icyakora, twakagombye kumenya ko mugihe cyibihe bya Tesla na Ningde byihuta ku isoko ryUbushinwa, imodoka na batiri ntibikwiye kwirengagiza ikibazo cyiza kubera igiciro.Nibimara kuba, urukurikirane rwimbere rwimbere rwa politiki igamije neza ruzagabanuka cyane mubisobanuro.

Mubyongeyeho, hariho ukuri guteye ubwoba.Nubwo Ubushinwa bwiganje ku isoko rya batiri ya lithium, tekinoroji yibanze hamwe na patenti ya lithium fer fosifate nibikoresho bya ternary ntabwo biri mumaboko yabashinwa.Niba ugereranije n’Ubuyapani, Ubushinwa bufite icyuho kinini mu ishoramari ry’abantu n’ishoramari mu bushakashatsi bwa batiri ya lithium.Ibi biragaragaza akamaro k'ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwa siyansi, bushingiye ku gushikama igihe kirekire no gushora imari ya leta, ibigo byubushakashatsi bwa siyanse ninganda.

Kugeza ubu, bateri ya lithium iragenda igana ku gisekuru cya gatatu nyuma y’ibisekuru bibiri byabanjirije oxyde ya lithium cobalt, fosifate ya lithium fer na ternary.Nkuko tekinoroji yibanze hamwe na patenti yibisekuru bibiri byambere byagabanijwe namasosiyete yamahanga, Ubushinwa ntabwo bufite inyungu zingenzi zihagije, ariko burashobora guhindura ibintu mubisekuruza bizaza binyuze muburyo bwambere.Urebye inzira yiterambere ryinganda zubushakashatsi bwibanze niterambere, ubushakashatsi bukoreshwa hamwe niterambere ryibicuruzwa bya bateri, dukwiye kwitegura intambara ndende.

Twabibutsa ko iterambere no gukoresha bateri za lithium mu Bushinwa bigifite ibibazo byinshi.Kurugero, mugukoresha nyirizina ya batiri ya lithium ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, haracyari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe, nkubucucike buke buke, imikorere mibi yubushyuhe buke, igihe kinini cyo kwishyuza, ubuzima bwigihe gito nibindi.

Kuva mu mwaka wa 2019, Ubushinwa bwahagaritse “urutonde rwera” rwa bateri, kandi inganda zo mu mahanga nka LG na Panasonic zasubiye ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa, hamwe n’imiterere yihuse cyane.Muri icyo gihe, hamwe n’igitutu cyiyongera ku giciro cya batiri ya lithium, irushanwa ku isoko ry’imbere riragenda rikomera.Ibi bizahatira ibigo bireba gutsindira inyungu mumarushanwa yuzuye hamwe nigiciro cyinshi cyibicuruzwa ndetse nubushobozi bwihuse bwisoko ryisoko, kugirango biteze imbere kuzamura no gukomeza kuzamuka kwinganda za batiri ya lithium mubushinwa.